Essay

Final Essay

French worker.

If i was a French factory worker, i would not be in favour of War with the Germans. Because that would mean that French workers would have to fight German workers and why should working people fight working people!? It would make sense if the working people untie instead of fight each other. Fighting each other doesnt make much sense.

pg.769 # 3 & 4

#3

a. One of the factors was the Open Door Policy. Under that policy, all nations would have equal rights to trade in China. The boxer rebellion.

b. With Chiang Kai-shek, the Nationalists quickly gained control of Hunan province and the cities of the Wuhan area.

c. The long march(lasted more than a year, 100,000 communists made their war on foot from Jiangxi to Shaanxi province in northwestern China. They were chased by Nationalist groups and strafed by aircraft while crossing 18 mountain ranges and 24 rivers. Many died on the 6,000 mile trip.

4. We hope to free our country from foreign domination and economic backwardness. We think that this is what this country deserves and what’s best for us. We must first build a strong party organization  and labor unions in the cities. Then, coorporate with the Kuomintang to defeat the region warlords.

 

pg 416 #4 pg. 421#2

#4

a.)Peace and urban growth contributed to the increase of trade within China’s borders. They needed merchants to supply city-dwellers with clothing, food, and other essential goods. China’s cities grew, but people still lived in the countryside. They increased the amount of land used for farming. The Chinese planted many crops.

b.) The Chinese rulers did not want or like any foreigners in their country, they wanted them to stay away from them and they wanted to stay away from them too.

#2

Opium War- Conflict between 1839 to 1842 between China and Britain that arose due to Britain’s export of opium to China.

Treaty of Nanjing- Treaty following the Opium War in which china gave Hong Kong to Britain and opened ports to British trade.

Taiping Rebellion- Revolt in China from 1850 to 1864, led by Hong Xiuquan who influenced by Christian teachings, declared a mission to establish a new dynasty.

pg.681 #1 &3

#1

Meiji Restoration: A group of samurai overthrew the Tokugawa shogunate. Then they returned the emperor to power.

Diet: A two-house national assembly created by the constitution.

Sino-Japanese War: War between china and Japan over Korea in 1894, resulting in a japanese victory.

Treaty of Shimonoseki:1895 treaty forcing China to recognize independance of Korea and make cocessions to Japan.

Mongkut: A King who ascended  to power in 1851, was particulary good at such duplomacy.

Liliuokalani: Hawaii’s Queen who did not want foreigners to control Hawaii. She tried to change the treaties that allow them to stay.

Emilio Aguinaldo: Le the Filipinos in a fight for independance

 

#3

a. The British rule affected India because the Hindus and Muslims hated each other and now they didnt do anything to stop this hatred.

b. Japanese were able to reform and industrialize their nation quiclky because  government bought new factory machinery from Western countries and passed laws to encoured private citizens to start business. Also, the government sent students and leaders to the western countries, there they had to learn about Western ideas

c. The U.S exapsion in Hawaii differs from its exansion in the Philippines because the U.S received firm control of Tutuila and six other small islands after Great Britain, preocupied with the Boer War, withrew its interest and U.S got the islands, after that they took over Guam and the Philippine Islands, they also took control of Wake Island. The Filippinos used guerrilla warfare against the better-equipped U.S Army , the war lasted  3 hard years, they  were defeated in 1902.

pg. 558 #1, pg 563 # 1 and 2

#1.

1.Capitalism: Describes an economic system in which individuals or corporations, rather than governmentss, control the factors of production.

2.Commercial Capitalism: In a capitalist system, businesses and the means of production are privately owned and operated. Before the industrial revolution, most capitalists were merchants who bought and sold goods.

3.Industrial revolution: During the Industrial revolution, capitalists  became more involved in producing and manufacturing goods.

4.iterchangeable parts: Guns were slightly different if a part of it broke, a new one had to be HANDMADE. Whitney invented machines that made parts that were alike, so now if it broke, you could interchange the parts!

5.mass production: The system of producing large numbers of identical items.

6.corporations: Business groups.

7.monopoly: When a coorporation gaines almost comeplete control of the production or single good or service.

8.cartels:Business combinations.

9.business cycle: The Industrial Revolution brought alternating periods of properity and decline.

10.depression:Period in which the decreased demand of food causes the entire economy to sink.

 

#1 pg.563

1. free enterprise: Economic  forces work automatically and naturally, without mercantilism laws and regulations.

2. laissez-faire: When the people told the government to “leave it alone”.

3. humanitarians: People who work to improve the conditions of others.

4. utilitarianism: Belief that that a law was useful if it led to “the greatest happiness of the greatest number” of people.

5.strike: When a large group of workers stop working.

6.unions: Associations people began to form.

7.collective bargaining: Agreements written into contracts lasting a fixed period of time.

 

#2

1. Adam Smith: Scottish economist he also wrote a book.

2. Thomas Malthus: Angelican clergyman who became a professor of economics. Also wrote a book.

3. David Ricardo: British economist. Also wrote a book!

4. Charles Dickens: English writer. He used his novels to attack greedy employers.

5. Jeremy Bentham: Philosopher who adopted the theory of utilitarianism.

6. John Stuart Mill: English philosopher who believed taht government should work for the good of the citizens.

 

Answer questions 1 and 2 on page 550.

Pg.550

#1

1. Enclosure movement: The practice of fencing or enclosing common lands into individual holdings.

2. Crop rotation: Planting different crops in the fields each year.

3. Industrial revolution: An era of rapid industrial devlopment.

4. Factors of production: The favorable combinations of needed factors; land, capital, and labor.

5. Mechanization:  Automatic machinery was used to increase production.

6. Factory system: Production of goods in a factory through the use of machines and a large number of workers. 

7. Vulcanization: Process of treating rubber to make it more useful.

 

#2

1. Jethro Tull: A landowner that was concerned about the amount of seed wasted by hand-scattering it over fields. He invented a seed drill that made it possible to plant seeds in straight rows. He also made a horse-drawn hoe to dig up weeds between the rows and break up soil before planting.

2. Richard Arkwright: Invented a way to drive the machine made by James Haragreaves by waterpower.

3. Eli Whiteny: Invented the cotton gin. A machine that could clean much more cotton in a day than hand laborers could.

4. James Watt: He studied and improved  Newcomer’s machine.

5. Henry Bessemer: Working independently, developed what came to be known as the Bessemer process. It is a cheaper and more efficient method of making steel.

6. Robert Fulton: The first to build a profitable steamboat.

7. Samuel Morce: Sent an electric current through a wire, causing a machine at the other end to click.

 

EXTRA CREDIT: 1 paragraph response to prompt on last slide of Adam Smith presentation.

I think that Adam Smith was being fair. Some people may have wanted to work at factories amd it’s not like someone selected people and told them that they were going to be factory workers. It’s mostly the people’s choice. The poor factory workers do work a lot and people feel sorry for them  but, they’re helping other people, they’re helping people by making things they need, for themselves too. I wouldn’t give up things because they chose it themselves to be factory workers, someone has to do it, it’s like saying would you give up going to the doctor to check if ur healthy or not,  if it meant that they would be able to have to work less or have to not work at all? No because, they chose that career and they are helping people, factory workers too.

#2,4 on page 636. # 4 on page 642.

pg.636 #2

1. Carbonari-  Nationalists could not work openly and had to form secret societies. The Carbonari was one group.

2.Guiseppe Mazzini- One of the most famous Carbonari.

3. Young Italy Movement- In 1831, Guiseppe Mazzini called for all Italian patriots to join his Young Italy movement. It was dedicated to spread the ideas of the resurgence.

4. King Victor Emmanuel II- King Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia. He was not sympathetic to the liberals, but he wanted to expand Sardinia.

5. Camillo Benso di Cavour- King Victor Emmanuel II’s chief minister. He was a republican  and an Italian Patriot. He was the one who actually governed the kingdom of Sardinia. He wanted to lead the way in uniting and industrializing Italy. He Made Sardinia a better place.

6. Napoleon III- A French emepror who wanted to increase French influence. Worked with Camillo Benso di Carvour ton making plans against Austria.

7. Guiseppe Garibaldi- A man devoted to Italian freedom.

# 4

a. The Young Italy movement and war wit Austria.

b. The two important leaders  in the fight for italian unification were Cavour and Napoleon III.

c. The kingdom of Sardinia took the lead because they saw Austria as the greatest barrier to Italian unification.

 

pg.642 # 4

a.  German nationalism favoured Prussia more than Austria. In Prussia, amlost everyone was German. Austria was ruled by Germans, but it contained many other nationalities like Hungarians, Romanians, Italians, and Slavs. After Prussia’s gains at the Congress of Vienna, Austria’s focus moved south and east, toward Italy and the Balkans.

b. German unification involved economy, Italians’ not so much. It was more about land.

c. They declared the formation of the German Empire. Including all German states except Austria.

 

Quote from Bolivar.

“We have achieved our independence at the expense of everything else”. Bolivar dreamed of having a Gran Colombia, but that didn’t work. The people wanted their own countries so Gran Colombia broke into Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, and Panama. Then, Nationalism led South America to fight to fight each other. I think Bolivar said that because they got independence but not Gran Colombia which is what he wanted. Instead of Grand Colombia, they got  5 other countries!The good thing is that they got the independence.

How do the French portray themselves to the Egyptians? How do the Egyptians view the French? Back up your answer with specific details from the text.

The French Republic says that “Egypt has treated the French community basely and comptemptously and have persecuted its merchats with all manner of exortion and violence. Therefore the hour of punishment has now come”. The Egyptians say that they are enemies. When the French are in the port and the Egyptians in the towers and houses and locked themselves, they thing they can [not beat them] but not loose anything either. Then, they find out they have no gunpowder to rptect themselves and the only weapons they have are broken cannons which really don’t work. The French attack the Egyptians a lot, and they have everything; weapons, gunpowder etc. They write this whole thing about God, and that god os God  and that he has no son etc. The French think/ know they can defeat Egypt. Egypt is locked in their houses and towers with no gunpowder so how can they defend themselves?! The Egyptians view the French as enemies. In the first part of the story it says that when the Europeans came and said that there wre no French with them, bu soem of the Egyptians didnt believe them and they said that they are their enemies!